Peer to peer (P2P) computing is a decentralized network of computers. In a P2P network, each user has the same capabilities and each computer shares the workload. In a P2P network, the duties are shared among the computers or "peers" opposed to the traditional client-server model where clients requests services from centralized servers.
P2P computing has many advantages, one being that the users do not need to rely on a centralized server. If there are issues with one computer, it does not effect the overall performance of the network as other peers will make up for the loss of a peer. P2P networks are also more affordable to maintain. One other positive to P2P computing is that all the files are shared between each user so the peers do not need to rely on one server as in the traditional model.
BitTorrent is a P2P file transfer protocol for sharing larger amounts of data. When a user downloads a file, the file is downloaded into pieces. Each part of the downloaded file can easily be transferred to other users. In simpler terms, as a person downloads a file to the internet, it immediately becomes available, in pieces, for other users to download. As they download the file it is downloaded piece by piece. As the pieces are downloaded, each piece is put together like a puzzle until the file is complete.
For more information on P2P computing you can watch the video below.
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